Max Neudecker, Stephan Ulrich, Stephan Herminghaus, Matthias Schröter
We prepare packings of frictional tetrahedra with volume fractions phi ranging from 0.470 to 0.612 using three different experimental protocols under isobaric conditions. Analysis via X-ray microtomography reveals that the contact number Z grows with phi, but does depend on the preparation protocol. While Z saturates at high packing fraction, the number of constraint per particle C increases further, supported by an increasing number of edge-to-face and face-to-face contacts. Even the loosest packings are strongly hyperstatic i.e. mechanically over-determined with C approximately twice the degrees of freedom each particle possesses.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.6272
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